Understanding 'Qu'est-ce que c'est' in French

"Qu'est-ce que c'est" is a fundamental French phrase that every learner should master. It's the go-to expression for asking "What is this?" or "What is that?" in French.

Let's explore this versatile phrase and its applications in everyday French conversations.

Breaking Down "Qu'est-ce que c'est"

At first glance, "Qu'est-ce que c'est" might seem like a tongue twister. However, understanding its components can help you grasp its meaning and usage.

The Components

• "Que" (shortened to "qu'" before a vowel): means "what"
• "Est-ce que": a question-forming structure
• "C'est": means "it is"

When combined, these elements form the question "What is it?" or "What is this?"

How to Use "Qu'est-ce que c'est"

This phrase is incredibly versatile and can be used in various situations:

1. Asking about unfamiliar objects

You can use "Qu'est-ce que c'est" when pointing at something you don't recognize.

Example:

• You: "Qu'est-ce que c'est?"
• Friend: "C'est un macaron."

2. Inquiring about new concepts

Use it to ask about abstract ideas or concepts you've just heard.

Example:

• Someone: "J'adore la pétanque."
• You: "Qu'est-ce que c'est, la pétanque?"

3. Seeking clarification

It's perfect for asking for more information about something mentioned in conversation.

Example:

• Friend: "J'ai acheté un nouveau gadget."
• You: "Qu'est-ce que c'est?"

Responding to "Qu'est-ce que c'est"

When answering this question, you'll typically start your response with "C'est" (It's).

Examples:

• "C'est un livre." (It's a book.)
• "C'est mon nouveau téléphone." (It's my new phone.)
• "C'est un plat traditionnel français." (It's a traditional French dish.)

Alternatives to "Qu'est-ce que c'est"

While "Qu'est-ce que c'est" is widely used, there are shorter alternatives for casual conversations:

1. C'est quoi?

This informal version is perfect for everyday situations.

Example:

• "C'est quoi, ce truc?" (What's this thing?)

2. C'est quoi ça?

Another casual option, emphasizing the object in question.

Example:

• "C'est quoi ça sur la table?" (What's that on the table?)

3. Qu'est-ce que + noun

For a slightly more formal approach, you can use "Qu'est-ce que" followed by the noun you're asking about.

Example:

• "Qu'est-ce que le subjonctif?" (What is the subjunctive?)

Conclusion

"Qu'est-ce que c'est" is more than just a phrase – it's your key to unlocking conversations and expanding your French vocabulary.

Whether you're browsing a French market or engaging in deep discussions, this versatile question will serve you well.