Ce qui vs Ce que in French

Understanding the difference between "ce qui" and "ce que" is crucial for constructing correct French sentences. These relative pronouns are often confused by learners, but they serve distinct purposes.

When to Use "Ce qui"

"Ce qui" is used when it's the subject of the relative clause. It translates to "what" or "that which" in English.

Example:

• Ce qui me plaît, c'est la musique. (What pleases me is the music.)

When to Use "Ce que"

"Ce que" is used when it's the direct object of the relative clause. It also translates to "what" or "that which" in English.

Example:

• Je ne comprends pas ce que tu dis. (I don't understand what you're saying.)

Key Differences

The main distinction lies in the grammatical role within the clause:

• "Ce qui" is followed by a verb
• "Ce que" is followed by a subject + verb

Practice Examples

1. Ce qui est important, c'est la santé. (What's important is health.)
2. J'aime ce que tu as cuisiné. (I like what you cooked.)
3. Ce qui m'inquiète, c'est son attitude. (What worries me is his attitude.)
4. Dis-moi ce que tu penses. (Tell me what you think.)

Remember, context is key. Pay attention to whether the "what" in your sentence is performing the action (use "ce qui") or receiving the action (use "ce que").