Where in Time? Expressing Past and Future Locations in French

Updated on 2024-08-26

Discussing past and future locations in French adds depth to your language skills.

This article will teach you how to ask about and express where you or others have been or will be.

Past Locations: Using Passé Composé

The passé composé is the go-to tense for talking about completed actions in the past.

Structure

To form the passé composé, use:

Subject + auxiliary verb (avoir/être) + past participle

Examples:

  1. J'ai été à Paris la semaine dernière. (I was in Paris last week.)
  2. Nous sommes allés au cinéma hier soir. (We went to the cinema last night.)
  3. Elle a visité le musée samedi. (She visited the museum on Saturday.)
  4. Ils ont voyagé en Italie l'été dernier. (They traveled to Italy last summer.)
  5. Tu as habité à Londres pendant deux ans. (You lived in London for two years.)
  6. On a mangé dans ce restaurant le mois passé. (We ate at this restaurant last month.)
  7. Vous avez travaillé à New York l'année dernière. (You worked in New York last year.)
  8. Il est resté chez ses parents le week-end dernier. (He stayed at his parents' last weekend.)
  9. Elles sont parties en vacances il y a deux semaines. (They left for vacation two weeks ago.)
  10. J'ai étudié à l'université de Sorbonne pendant un semestre. (I studied at Sorbonne University for a semester.)

Asking About Past Locations

To ask where someone was or has been:

  1. Où as-tu été hier ? (Where were you yesterday?)
  2. Où est-ce que vous avez passé vos vacances ? (Where did you spend your vacation?)
  3. Où Marie a-t-elle habité avant de déménager ici ? (Where did Marie live before moving here?)

Future Locations: Using Futur Simple

The futur simple expresses actions or states in the future.

Structure

To form the futur simple, use:

Infinitive + appropriate ending (-ai, -as, -a, -ons, -ez, -ont)

Examples:

  1. J'irai à Londres le mois prochain. (I will go to London next month.)
  2. Nous serons en Espagne pour Noël. (We will be in Spain for Christmas.)
  3. Elle visitera le Japon l'année prochaine. (She will visit Japan next year.)
  4. Ils habiteront à Berlin pendant leurs études. (They will live in Berlin during their studies.)
  5. Tu travailleras à domicile la semaine prochaine. (You will work from home next week.)
  6. On mangera au nouveau restaurant samedi soir. (We will eat at the new restaurant Saturday night.)
  7. Vous voyagerez en Asie cet été. (You will travel to Asia this summer.)
  8. Il restera chez ses grands-parents pendant les vacances. (He will stay at his grandparents' during the holidays.)
  9. Elles partiront en voyage scolaire au printemps. (They will leave for a school trip in the spring.)
  10. J'étudierai à l'étranger l'année prochaine. (I will study abroad next year.)

Asking About Future Locations

To ask where someone will be:

  1. Où seras-tu demain soir ? (Where will you be tomorrow evening?)
  2. Où est-ce que vous passerez vos vacances d'été ? (Where will you spend your summer vacation?)
  3. Où Marie habitera-t-elle après son diplôme ? (Where will Marie live after her graduation?)

Time Expressions for Locations

Using appropriate time expressions enhances your ability to discuss past and future locations.

Past Time Expressions

  1. Hier (Yesterday)
  2. La semaine dernière (Last week)
  3. Le mois dernier (Last month)
  4. L'année passée (Last year)
  5. Il y a deux jours (Two days ago)
  6. Avant-hier (The day before yesterday)
  7. Le week-end dernier (Last weekend)
  8. L'été dernier (Last summer)
  9. Au siècle dernier (In the last century)
  10. Dans le passé (In the past)

Future Time Expressions

  1. Demain (Tomorrow)
  2. La semaine prochaine (Next week)
  3. Le mois prochain (Next month)
  4. L'année prochaine (Next year)
  5. Dans deux jours (In two days)
  6. Après-demain (The day after tomorrow)
  7. Le week-end prochain (Next weekend)
  8. L'été prochain (Next summer)
  9. Au siècle prochain (In the next century)
  10. À l'avenir (In the future)

Practice Exercises

Test your understanding with these exercises:

  1. Conjugate the verb "aller" (to go) in passé composé for all subjects.
  2. Write three sentences about where you were last weekend using passé composé.
  3. Conjugate the verb "être" (to be) in futur simple for all subjects.
  4. Write three sentences about where you will be next summer using futur simple.
  5. Translate the following sentences to French: a. I was in Canada two years ago. b. We will be in Italy next month. c. Where did you study last semester? d. They will travel to Africa in 2025.

Answers and Explanations

  1. Passé composé of "aller":

    • Je suis allé(e)
    • Tu es allé(e)
    • Il/Elle/On est allé(e)
    • Nous sommes allé(e)s
    • Vous êtes allé(e)(s)
    • Ils/Elles sont allé(e)s
  2. Example answers:

    • J'ai été au parc samedi dernier.
    • Nous sommes allés au cinéma dimanche soir.
    • J'ai visité mes grands-parents le week-end dernier.
  3. Futur simple of "être":

    • Je serai
    • Tu seras
    • Il/Elle/On sera
    • Nous serons
    • Vous serez
    • Ils/Elles seront
  4. Example answers:

    • Je serai en Grèce l'été prochain.
    • Nous visiterons Paris en juillet.
    • J'habiterai chez ma tante pendant les vacances.
  5. Translations: a. J'étais au Canada il y a deux ans. b. Nous serons en Italie le mois prochain. c. Où as-tu étudié le semestre dernier ? d. Ils voyageront en Afrique en 2025.

By practicing these concepts, you'll improve your ability to discuss past and future locations in French. Keep using these tenses and time expressions in your conversations to reinforce your learning.

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